Motivated by Vladimir Putin's Russian (with Kris Broholm)

In episode 55, friend of the show Kris Broholm from Actual Fluency joined me to discuss mindset and accountability in language learning that come from a place of reality and gentle confidence.

Tune in to hear us chat and share:

• Great advice for English speakers who want to have early success in a new language
• Language learning is such a complicated jigsaw puzzle, so how can we really track what we have actually learnt?
• Is it presumptuous, are you lacking humility if you set yourself a big, impressive goal?
• How the reason you are learning a language is DIRECTLY connnected to the success that you are going to have a week, 3 months, and perhaps 12 months down the line
• The one thing you MUST have in order to get language learning motivated - a sense of "this is who I am"

Four Tendencies in Language Learning

We revisit perspectives on the 4 tendencies framework Lindsay and I discussed in episode 32. Kris is on record as an Obliger, saying:

"It would be Embarrassing to tell people that I gave up."

You can take a test to determine your own tendency here.

Links From This Episode

• Vladimiar Putin interviewed by Oliver Stone (sadly, no bear or horse)
• The Language Habit Toolkit
• Gretchen Rubin
• Kris's Course Language Routine Mastery
• Clear the List on Kris's Actual Fluency blog
• The James Altucher Podcast

Leave us an iTunes Review

Your feedback is extremely important to the show. It gives us inspiration, topics, ideas, and it makes us happy. Find us on Twitter and Instagram using hashtag #cllp

You can help our show by going on itunes and leaving us a review yourself - we are invisible without your help!

Are You Learning Grammar in The Most Effective Way?

Grammar can be the stuff of nightmares! Imagine strict, uniformed schools where a teacher puts you on the spot, and dozing off in the dusty haze of tables and rules…and all of this takes hours upon hours.

Does it have to be that way? Could it be that a modern language learner has a use for rules too? I say yes, yes, yes!

So How Can You Make Your Grammar Study More Effective?

Let’s be real: If you’re a creative language learner wanting to express your own thoughts instead of rattling off a phrasebook, you’re going to benefit from grammar study.

I’ve got 7 tips to help you learn grammar without having to spend hours numbing your mind.

1) Adopt a Needs-Based Process

Some people want to study grammar first, following dialogues in the textbook and working through each stage of a text book. This is an old-school approach: meet a rule, learn the rule, practice the rule.

As an independent language learner, you are not bound to the rule-led approach. You can wait and explore based on need.

So for example, you may want to say “this is the most expensive house I’ve ever seen” in month 2 of your learning journey. At month 2, most books won’t be teaching you the “superlative” (grammar term for “how to say most”) yet. But if that’s what you need right now in order to communicate, your independent study advantage means you can go ahead and learn it anyway.

I call this the exploring approach, because it works only when you’re driven by curiosity. The key is to ask good questions, meaning you want to be as specific as possible about what you’re trying to communicate and where you’re getting stuck.

When you get it right, you will find that needs-based grammar study is the most efficient way of becoming fluent.

2) Don’t Ignore That Grammar Exists

If you feel that “immersion learning” means that you put yourself into an environment where all the input is in another language (“like a child!”), you risk the pitfalls of this approach. Adults are analysers, organisers, thinkers, and they are also a lot more valuable about making mistakes. So if there’s a question in your mind, why withhold the answer?

Allow yourself look up and practice a rule when it’s needed. Once you know what rule you’re missing, you’ll feel ever more confident about learning more and attaining a higher level.

Related article: The 5 Golden Rules of Adult Learning

3) Learn Your Own Grammar

The ways in which people express themselves tend to follow a very similar patterns, and most of the world’s languages adhere to patterns involving subject, verb, and object. In fact, this is the structure that exists in all the human languages found so far.

The more you know how language works to describe the world, the easier it can become to see those patterns in any new language. So understanding how your native language works is a huge head start.

4) Mindmap and Teach It

The first step of making sense of a grammar rule for yourself is to draw it out in your own notebook. Use colourful pens, write example sentences, mind map, draw connections. I prefer to write grammar rules on paper, but in my German grammar course you can also see a big student-generated mind map made in a Mindmap software.

Once you’ve taken your own notes, stage 2 of understanding grammar is to explain it to someone else.

I experienced this myself when I jobbed as a French tutor in my teens. As I tried my best to explain the different French past tenses to my tutee, a lightbulb came on in my head. These structures of passé this and passé that are actually the same as in German! Soon, I was beginning to see patterns everywhere. Explaining what I had learnt to other people was an incredible confidence booster, and helped me learn it twice.

5) Use Your Language Tutor

It’s okay for the tutor to let you make mistakes in conversation practice, but when it comes down to finding a problem and fixing it with you, they should be able to articulate what you need to know.

One great way of making use of your tutor time is to explain to them how you understood a certain rule and ask whether you’ve got it right. After all, two smart people are better than one! So never be shy, and don’t accept “we just do it this way” as an answer from a language tutor.

6) Don’t Learn Too Much At Once

Sometimes, your conversation partners and your books will ask a little too much of you. There’s so much useful information out there, but you might need more time to process it. I’ve found it helpful to learn the word for “too much” here, so I can make use of it in lessons when I need to.

It’s not a failure to know your own limitations, and in fact you will be more productive and effective if you respect the times when you’re overloaded. Better to focus small bits, and to learn those really well before moving on.

7) Look It Up

When a question comes up in your mind, make sure that you look it up! In my own routine, I like to keep a little list of things that I want to learn later. This is so helpful when I come across a weird construction in a news article, or when I realise there’s something I want to say but cannot. The Habit Tracker in the Language Habit Toolkit has this question built in, and it’s my own reminder to learn what I need.

When you keep a list and only look up what’s required, you are able to build a flexible, independent, and interesting grammar study method. No more need to follow a book - you can simply react to what’s required at the right time.

Where to Find Grammar Resources

Obviously, you can buy a straightforward book of grammar explanations. My favourites here are the books written for a teenage audience, perhaps even teenage native speakers, because these books tend to simplify their explanations and cut the word count right down. For example, I love BBC Bitesize for the languages on the British curriculum.

Related courses by me:

• German Grammar Explanations That Make Sense
• Finally Get It in French Grammar

Both of these courses are for beginners, and feature explanations and exercises in English, and in simple terms. And as you’re working with these courses, remember that they are designed to be your reference points. Each lesson answers a question, and it will be there for you when the question comes up in your own individual, needs-based curriculum.

So there you have it. I don’t believe that adults learning a new language should completely avoid grammar, and believe they have to act like children to get the most effective results. Instead, adopt your needs-based approach and let curiosity lead you on your own language learning journey!

Need more help with grammar?

Check out my course Crack the Grammar Code for an in-depth walkthrough of how you can learn the grammar of any language, stress-free.

Language Tracking Insider: How To Move Steadily Towards Your Next Breakthrough

Language tracking is so important. It allows you to stay on top of your studies, master busy periods and see your own progress towards fluency. It’s not just an exercise in discipline or productivity.

When you find smart ways to track, it will enhance all the work you’re doing and become one of the greatest motivators out there. And since I recently built and shared my own best practice templates for tracking in the Language Habit Toolkit learners, I’ve been hearing back from students who have some incredible ideas for making this even more effective.

Check out the following creative tracking tweaks and see if they can transform your language learning, too.

1) Track Life Events That Affect Your Study Routine

We all know that rules are made to be broken, and this is true for study routines too! Big and small events such as trips, conferences, and birthdays can knock you off your routine and even break habits.

Look out for these types of events at the start of the week and make a note in your tracker. Give yourself permission to drop off the routine and pay attention to getting back on track in the days after your event. For example, you could schedule 20 minutes of writing for the day after your birthday.

How To Add This To Your Tracker

My favourite trick comes from Catrin, one of my expert testers.

As Catrin started tracking her studies every day, she made little notes of what’s going on in her life.

Remember that it is okay if you are just too busy to study sometimes.

Developing a language habit is not about perfect records of focused study every day. It’s about more than that: Making language feel natural, building structure, and helping you go further simply by coming back to the project every week.

2) Code In Your Activities

The next trick is from Mark, another expert tester. Mark used to be a runner, and found that regular tracking was a key to his training regime. Taking the method into language learning, he built on his tracking expertise by adding little extras to show what he did during those sessions.

Here are a few easy ways of enhancing your Habit Tracker:

• Use different colours to track which skill you trained that day (vocab, grammar, listening, speaking, reading and writing..)
• Use numbers or letters to shorten descriptions of your resources, for example 1 for Duolingo, 2 for Glossika, 3 for your vocab notebook, 4 for a video chat, and so on.
• If you are studying more than one language, highlight which languages you were studying on which day. On the right, you can see how I reserve every Thursday for training French instead of Welsh (using the Language Habit Toolkit, printed at 50% and pasted into my Moleskine notebook).

A post shared by Kerstin Cable (@kerstin_fluent) on May 10, 2017 at 1:01pm PDT

3) Add A Review Box to Your Habit Tracker

The next tip was shared by Toolkit user Colette. She shared a tweak she uses to make sure she stays on top of what she’s learnt so far.

When you are just finishing a lesson with your tutor or a timed study session, the temptation to close the app/book and do something else is at its highest. You have earned your break! But with just one or two words of new vocabulary, you can hugely increase the benefit of what you just learnt.

Colette’s idea takes this review system one step further, as she decided to write down one word to review from her vocab routine right on the Habit Tracker every day. Just think: If you review just one vocabulary word extra every single day, you save yourself 365 reviews a year. Your Memrise buddies will be very impressed!

How To Add This To Your Tracker

In the Language Habit Toolkit, your Study Tracker sheet also comes with a “What I Learnt” section that prompts you to make a quick note of exactly what you added to your knowledge on this occasion.

Making a note while it is fresh in your mind will help you realise that even just a few minutes spent on a flashcard review can take you further towards becoming fluent.

4) Log in Advance

The final trick in today’s round-up comes from me, and it’s my classic way of kick-starting any activity when I feel like I’m procrastinating a bit too much. I’m a person who can struggle with overwhelm, and sometimes I get nothing at all done because I don’t even know where to start.

One thing I’ve learnt is that I can usually get myself unstuck by creating dedicated times in my week. It doesn’t work if I say “I will study every Monday from 6 to 7”, but it does work when I look just a few days ahead and decide where important work will fit in.

The most effective way to “advance log” is to become extremely specific. Don’t just write “read in Welsh” - it has to be “spend 8 minutes reading MADRON comic”. Instead of saying “do Memrise”, make a specific note of the level you want to complete or the mini-goal you have.

Related article: How to Learn a Language With Smart and Useful Goals

Want To Get Ready-Made Language Tracking Templates?

You’ll find two in-depth tracking worksheets to print and use in the Language Habit Toolkit. These trackers are professionally designed, developed with language learning experts, and will give you an instant set-up for effective tracking.

Find the Language Habit Toolkit in Fluent’s Learning Section.

Do you keep track of your language learning sessions in detail, or do you prefer to sail along and set big goals only? If you’ve got a tip to share, let me know in the comments below!

Learning Languages at Intermediate Level: My Language Goals, Routine, and Progress in Detail

Unlike some learners who love to schedule a set routine, my study approach is a little more flexible. I have a variety of resources on the go and work with them all on a regular basis, but my routine currently doesn't contain large daily sessions or check-ins at a specific time.

In today’s article, I am going to show you how I make progress in my target language even without committing to daily routines. You’ll learn about my goals for April 2017, and how I fit in learning 2 languages at the same time.

I use the Language Habit Toolkit, a study system I created for learners like me who are self-guided and want to track flexibly.

Planning My Goals (But Not My Schedule)

I'm not the best with schedules and don't stick to them unless I must. This flexibility is a part of my habits personality, so it really shows up in almost anything I do. For example, I struggle take medicines at a set time each day and often forget the time once I am immersed in a task. Don’t get me wrong…I do schedule things a lot. I just don’t always keep my own appointments.

But even so, I don't want that to stop me from finding focus and progress in language learning. In the Toolkit, my focus is on the content of what I'm learning rather than how regular I am or how many sessions I complete each week.

If I know what I want to get done, I find that I automatically start finding the time to work on it. So rather than thinking "I will complete 4 hours of study this week", I focus on my goals and set myself many very small goals that I want to get done throughout the month.

The daily check-ins in the Language Habit Toolkit are very small. I have seen some learners create their own tracking systems like colour codes and legends, but personally I keep to noting "big session" or "small session. Since I started using the Language Habit Toolkit myself, I definitely have been better about checking in with languages every day and I've finally managed to organise myself enough to learn two languages: Welsh and French.

Example: My Welsh Learning Goals for April 2017

In my routine, I use the Language Habit Toolkit worksheet for setting path goals and getting a quick overview of what I want to achieve in the next month. Here’s what I wrote at the start of April:

“Right Now, I’m Working On…”

• Finishing Level 1 of Say Something in Welsh
• Regular language exchanges on Skype with Gareth from How to Get Fluent, which are increasing the length of time I feel comfortable holding a Welsh conversation
• Getting better at using pronouns and speaking/writing in the past tense

In 30 Days, I want to…

• Be done with Say Something in Welsh Level 1 (I actually wrote challenge 26 - turns out there are only 25! Bonus!)
• Be able to watch 5-10 minutes of TV in Welsh without subtitles
• Grow my vocabulary
• Understand how the one word past tense works

My theme for the month was to become more comfortable listening to Welsh even when I don’t understand everything. These were my larger goals, which I broke down into the four core skills.

My Language Learning Goals and Progress in Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing

Since we’re already through the month of April, I’ll tell you what the goals were and how it went:

Listening

• Listen to the Pigion podcast when it comes out (I’d been avoiding this one because it is still a little difficult for me, and as of April 30th I’ve listened to 3 out of 5)
• Watch 4 shows on S4C (I was procrastinating on this until my moment of joy…the show Ffasiwn Mecanic is back and I love it and today I’ll watch 3 and 4)

I even switched the subtitles off on Ffasiwn Mecanic and set a timer for 5 minutes, and I was able to understand 40% of what was said.

Reading

• Do a reading prep session from BBC Bitesize (this was a red herring - there aren’t any!)
• Review the hand-written vocabulary in my notebook and add more words (done! I did this in 2 sessions and added 20-30 new words for my vocabulary routine)

I actually read more outside of these goals, mostly Lingo Newydd magazine and news articles on the BBC Wales website, so for next month’s goals I can be more ambitious here.

Speaking

• Have 3 meetings with language exchange partners (not. a. single. one…we were both very busy, but next month we’re back to it)
• Record myself reading a poem (done)

Even though I didn’t meet any exchange partners, I started sending more voice messages in Tandem so I wasn’t entirely quiet.

Writing

• Put up a larger piece of writing on Reddit or Lang-8 (Reddit has writing prompts every week, and still I didn’t reply to them. Time to kick into gear.)
• Email my tutor and ask her to give me writing feedback (again, I neglected this over the month)

I did actually write in Welsh in April through text messages in Tandem, but I’ve been shy about sharing longer pieces. Another way to write more was to transcribe Say Something in Welsh’s levels, which really helps!

In terms of grammar, I did look up those confusing past tenses and found explanations that really helped in Wikibooks.

My Secondary Language: French

In French, my level is a passive B2/C1 and my main aim is to reactivate all those tired brain cells and speak French with less hesitation. I didn’t set myself any specific goals but scheduled in every Thursday as jour français. I read the French edition of Flow magazine, chatted to a new colleague in French, and followed Glossika Fluency 123 French. While I love the Glossika, I find its level a little low so I’m looking forward to more challenging Glossika content in the future.

It helps me to know that French is currently my “secondary” language, so I don’t scold myself for allocating less time to it. Perhaps in half a year, the languages I focus on are going to change as my Welsh skills become more solid, and I still have a lot of time for focusing on other languages in the future.

Overall, How am I Feeling After 18 Months of Welsh?

I’ve not really checked in in detail with my Welsh language skills for 6 months, but overall it’s feeling pretty great. I’m nearly starting Level 2 of Say Something in Welsh, and my conversation skills are improving a lot! Being at this more advanced level seems to mean that the structured resources are becoming more scarce.

Funnily, I worked so hard on creating the Language Habit Toolkit’s Review worksheet that I had not actually been able to use it myself yet! I’m really looking forward to working through all review questions and getting the next set of goals onto the road.

I’m looking forward to the next awesome events that are coming up, all of which are great chances to speak more in Welsh and French at the Polyglot Gathering in Bratislava, at Langfest in Montréal, and of course at the National Eisteddfod in Wales this year!

How Was Your Language Month?

What about you? What were your language goals in April? Are you tracking with the Language Habit Toolkit, or with your own systems? I’d love to hear from you in the comments.

3 Ways to Learn Any Language By Taking it Easy

Learning a foreign language is arguably one of the most rewarding things that people can do in their lifetime. Language learners stay healthy for longer, they’re more attractive, they earn more money.

There are over 6900 languages spoken in the world today, and in fact the World Economic Forum recently cited research showing that languages can be picked up at any age, and that bilingual workers and managers earn more in the workplace.

Learning languages is a smart thing to do, but a lot of people worry about whether or not it’s effective to learn a language without teachers, classroom, or in-country immersion.

How can you become organised, consistent, motivated, and effective as a language learner?

Full Disclosure: I Started as a Bad Self-Teacher

When I became a self-teacher, I had already learnt 5 foreign languages at school and university, and taken a postgraduate degree. I thought I was totally set for life as a language learner.

Safely supported by the structures of school, exams, language classes, I never really wondered what happens when you’ve got to think up your own routine.

After I left university, I took a job in international marketing. In my new job, nobody needed me to speak any other language than English. I still loved languages, and maintained my level in French after begging my employer to let me attend classes…but I was entirely dependent on those classes.

One day, a local teacher I knew decided to offer a single Polish class. I attended, loved what I learnt. The class never picked up enough students to become a course, and it was cancelled. So I decided I was going to “learn Polish” by myself. Simple!

That Polish class was in 2007, 10 years ago today. I consider it my first attempt at learning a language by myself. And I totally failed. I can’t say much more than “czesz, nie mowie po polsku” (and that means “hi, I don’t speak Polish”).

I can’t say it any other way: I was a bad language learner. My Polish project ended the way so many other people’s attempts end: I ran out of motivation and ideas after a few months. I didn’t know where to look for good materials. The language just fell off my radar.

If You Gave Up Before, You Haven’t Failed

At this point in language learning, many people feel that they have failed, or have “no aptitude for language learning”. But sadly, I already knew lots of languages. Aptitude wasn’t the problem. There must be something else I don’t know.

I didn’t really try another new language for a few years after that. I was interested, but had no need to learn…until my job started sending me to Kazakhstan: a country where English wasn’t the norm.

In Kazakhstan, I was surrounded by Cyrillic script and unusual sounds, and I totally wanted to talk to people. The radio, the maps, the street signs: Everything was in Russian (and Kazakh!). I felt like I just had to talk to more people in Russian.

So I did what I had not done for years: I started from absolute zero and I finally figured out “how to learn a language”.

Russian From Zero

Starting small was what mattered the most at this point. I didn’t need to be perfect, and I had to shake off any ideas about where I “should” be with my new languages. I bought the simplest, most encouraging book I could find: Russian in 10 minutes a day. And with this book, I found my first techniques of self-learning.

There were lots resources to play with: visual, aural and even kinaesthetic learning. There were even stickers and flashcards and role play ideas, giving me the kickstart I needed to feel entitled to discover my own style.

And slowly, I continued on my path and started learning the language. I didn’t get lost, and I didn’t “give up”. Instead, I developed language learning routines that put me head and shoulders above most friends I knew who studied in evening classes.

Learn How to Learn Languages With Ease

If you want to reap all those benefits of language learning that I mentioned at the start of this article, it’s important to learn how to learn. At some point, any group class will end and leave you with a cliff edge. The following tips will help you take things easy while growing your self-teaching skills.

Tip 1: Make it Just 10 Minutes a Day

Let’s not kid ourselves here: 10 minutes every day is not enough for you to learn a language “fluently” in under 2 years.

But what matters here is not how little you plan to study. This one is all about overcoming your internal resistance. If you feel like you have to study for 2 hours “or it won’t count”, you’re on your way to giving up too early. Instead, aim for the smallest possible effort, and make it consistent.

You’ll soon find yourself starting a 10-minute session that turns into an hour-long one.

If you want to get ahead in your language and build a simple language learning routine, try the Language Habit Tracker included in the Language Habit Toolkit. Simple system, monthly reviews, and you no longer have to worry about what counts.

Tip 2: Play

The best thing that happened to me when I started self-teaching languages was the flexibility that came with the “10 Minutes a Day” book. I had so many options: flashcards, images, role plays, stickers.

You will learn better when you break through your own limitations and shake up the routine every now and then.

Play around, dabble, try a new language or a new book, discard what you don’t need. It’s good to try out what experts recommend, but never feel like someone else’s path is the only way to do this.

The line here is this: If it’s not working for YOU, then it doesn’t work.

When you’ve played for a few weeks, use something like the “Your Month in Review” worksheet from the Language Habit Toolkit to find exactly what works for you and what you can safely discard.

Tip 3: Continue.

Looking back, persistence was one of the most significant actions on my way to becoming the multilingual person I am today. Had I stopped after that cliff edge of classes and exams, I would be on my way to average, knowing very little and regretting how much I have forgotten.

But if you continue on your language learning journey and make persistence one of your core values, you’ll never go wrong. You can forget a lot of what you learnt, but you cannot really go backwards!

It took me a while to hone these self-study skills, and nothing helps more than a good tracking routine. If you want to find out how to plan, track, and optimise your routine, check out the Language Habit Toolkit.

Do you love self-learning a language? How long have you been at it? Share your thoughts in the comments below!